Exhaust manifold for internal combustion engines



Oct. 8, 1940. M, LE 2,217,241

EXHAUST MANIFOLD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 6, 1936 INVENTOR.

Patented Oct. 8, 1940 UNITED STATE EXHAUST MANIFOLD FOR INTERNAL COM- BUSTION ENGINES v I Max Tendler, 121s Angeles, Calif.

Application July 6, 1936, Serial No. 89,038

' 3 Claims.

This invention relates to an exhaust manifold of the type adapted to effect treatment of exhaust gases generated by internal combustion engines while the engine is in operation.

5 A principal object of my invention is to provide a device for effecting the reduction, elimination and oxidation of carbon monoxide, aldehyde and mercaptan content of exhaust gases of internal w combustion engines before the exhaust gases emerge from the exhaust system, in a simple and practical manner.

A further object is-to provide a means for delivering a constant ratio of volume of air into the exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine relative to the volume of exhaust gases expelled into the exhaust manifold at each complete revolution of the crankshaft of the engine.

Another important object is to provide a manifold of the above character which may embody go the usual exhaust manifold to which the invention may be applied.

Further objects and advantages will appear hereinafter.

I have discovered that the introduction of air 25 forced under pressure into the exhaust manifold, at any point thereof, and more particularly in or near each of the exhaust port outlets of an internal combustion engine while it is in operation will reduce and eliminate and oxidize the car- 30 bon monoxide, aldehyde and mercaptan content of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine while it is in operation, after they are expelled from the piston chambers and before the exhaust gases emerge from the mufiler or exhaust 35. system, the exhaust gases remaining free from the same when they emerge into the atmosphere, the carbon monoxide oxidizing to carbon dioxide, the aldehydes reducing to formic acid and carbon dioxide, and mercaptans oxidizing.

The invention is carried into effect as illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a typical internal combustion engine, showing my invention as applied thereto with parts depicted in section.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section, through one of the exhaust valve units as seen on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 illustrating the mode of operation of the invention;

Fig. 3 shows my invention embodied in a mani- 50 fold casting as an integral unit;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail in section taken on the line 44 of Fig. 3; I

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of another modifled form of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a detail in section and elevation of a positive type of air blower employed in the invention.

In the drawing, I represents a t' 'ical engine block, having a cylinder head 2, a crankshaft 3, exhaust valve 5, an exhaust manifold 4 embodying a main passage 4', and exhaust port outlets a communicating with the manifold passage 4'. The exhaust manifold 4 is drilled to form openings 6 opposite the exhaust port outlets a.

An air conduit 1 extending along the manifold 4 is drilled to form openings 20 and is connected with the exhaust manifold by means of small branch pipes 8 which project from the openings 20 into the exhaust manifold 4 through the openings 6 and terminate in and open to the exhaust port outlets a. The branch pipes 8 may be threaded through the openings 6 and 20, thus sealing the openings. A bracket 9 may be used to support conduit 1 if desired, although the branch pipes 8' will adequately support same. There is a branch inlet pipe 8 for each exhaust porta.

Mounted upon the crank shaft 3 is a pulley III, adapted to drive a positive pressure blower l I, or air pump or the like, by means of a pulley l2 and connecting belt l3; the blower embodying a housing 1) having an inlet 0 and an outlet (1 and fitted with inter-engaged blades e one of which is mounted on a shaft f carrying the pulley l2. The conduit 1 communicates with and is connected to the discharge outlet d of the blower l I.

In the operation of my device, blower ll provides a stream of air through air conduit l, at a fixed and constant ratio with respect to the speed of the crankshaft, through the medium of the pulleys l0 and I2, and the belt I3. Since a branch pipe 8 is provided for each exhaust port, it is evident that a stream of air will be provided that will encounter the exhaust gases just before they reach the manifold, and will result in a whirling or swirling action that will provide an admixture of the exhaust gases and the incoming air, and will oxidize, reduce and eliminate the carbon monoxide, aldehyde and mercaptan content at the high temperatures of the exhaust gases when they are expelled through the exhaust ports and enter the exhaust manifold.

Figs. 3 and 4 show a modified form of my invention wherein I embody in a single casting I4 the purposes and functions of the usual exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine and 50 the features of conduit 'l, and of branch inlet pipes 8 of Figs. 1 and 2. In this instance exhaust outlets l6 communicate with the main passage 14', and leading from the conduit 2| are inclined branch passages 11 terminating and open- 55 ing in the exhaust outlets 16 for directing a .stream of air to admix with the outgoing exhaust gases as they enter the main passage l4. Main passage l4, air conduit 2|, and branch passages l1 serv similar purposes and functions of passage 4', conduit 1 and branch inlet pipes 8 respectively of the construction shown in Fig. 2. The cross section areas of the longitudinal air conduit 2t and branch passages I! may be formed to substantially correspond to the areas of conduit 1 and of branch inlet pipes 8, of the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The manifold casting I4 may be attached to the block of an engine by bolts 22 passed through bolt holes 9 in lugs 23 on the manifolds.

In the construction shown in Fig. 5 the branch inlet pipe I8 is positioned with its discharge end disposed close to the side walls of the exhaust outlets l6 and curved inwardly and upwardly as indicated at l9 so that the stream of air discharged therefrom will tend to travel in a spiral path in the outlet l6 and the exhaust port a thereby enhancing admixture ofthe air with the outgoing exhaust gases before they enter the main passage 4' of the exhaust manifold 4, and also enhance their scavenging action when the exhaust valve is closed, these results taking place because of the eddies which are produced by the mingling of the oppositely directed gaseous streams.

It is to be noted that in the constructions herein set forth the stream of air supplied by the blower l I is directed under pressure of the latter directly into the exhaust port outlets a so as to have a general directional flow opposed to that of the exhaust gases as the latter flow through the exhaust port and previous to their entry into the exhaust manifold so as to encounter the exhaust gases just before they reach the manifold in a fashion that will result in a thorough admixture of the exhaust gases and incoming air at the point where exhaust gases are at their highest temperatures and whereby a maximum oxidizing effect and consequent reduction and elimination of the carbon-monoxide, aldehyde and mercaptan content of the exhaust gases will be effected, Furthermore by delivering the air directly into the exhaust passage a, a thorough scavenging of the latter throughout will be accomplished when the exhaust valve 5 is closed and likewise a blast of air will be directed against the under side of the valve and the portion of the stem thereof leading through the exhaust passage a and will effect a cooling action thereon by reason of the air stream being directed continuously into the exhaust port passage during operation of the engine, since the air stream is manifestly of a temperature considerably less than that of the exhaust gases as they are discharged through the exhaust port. This also insures the presence of a body of air in the exhaust passage a at the moment of opening of the exhaust valve for instant action on the exhaust gases as they emerge through the port.

It may be seen from the foregoing that I have provided a simple, practical and efficient device to be used in conjunction with the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine to oxidize, reduce and eliminate carbon monoxide, aldehyde and mercaptan content of exhaust gases before they leave the exhaust system.

I reserve the right to make numerous changes in the size, shape and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention.

While I have shown a particular embodiment of my invention, it will be understood, of course, that I do not wish to be limited thereto, since many modifications may be made, and I therefore contemplate by the appended claims to cover any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and now desire to by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In an exhaust manifold construction for an intemal' combustion engine embodying a valve head having a face to contact with a valve seat and having an axial stem projecting from the side of said head including said face, and an exhaust passage having an inner portion surrounding said stem and an outer discharge portion leading angularly away from said stem; conduit means positioned to direct a jet of air into said discharge portion in the opposite direction to the discharged products of combustion, said con-duit means being sufficiently near to said .valve to insure that the portion of the discharged products into which oxygenizing air is directed as aforesaid will be ignited by flame extending from the engine cylinder through the opening controlled by said valve.

2. In an exhaust manifold construction for an internal combustion engine embodying a valve head having a. face to contact with a valve seat and having an axial stem projecting from the side of said head including said face, and an exhaust passage having an inner portion surrounding said stem and an outer discharge portion leading angularly away from said stem; a casing having a discharge passage through it which forms a continuation of the aforementioned discharge portion, said casing also having an air jet passage opening into said discharge portion in angular relation thereto to direct oxygenizing air toward the inner portion of said exhaust passage into products of combustion in said exhaust passage to produce an eddy in the resultant mingled gaseous streams.

3. In an exhaust manifold construction for an internal combustion engine embodying a valve head having a face to contact with a valve seat and having an axial stem projecting from the side of said head including said face, and an exhaust passage having an inner portion surrounding said stem and an outer discharge portion leading angularly away from said stem; conduit means positioned to direct a jet of air into said exhaust passage in the opposite direction to the discharged products of combustion, said conduit means being sufliciently near to said valve to insure that the portion of the discharged products into which oxygenizing air is directed as aforesaid will be ignited by flame extending from the engine cylinder through the opening controlled by said valve.

MAX TENDLER. 

